Papilledema Simulator | Visual Field Loss & Disc Oedema Research

Base color

Model & settings

Papilledema stage

Visual field loss severity50%

Perceptual severity curve Enlarged blind spot Arcuate field defect

Image simulation

Choose image Upload JPG/PNG (max 1200×1200). Simulated canvas next to original.

Research notes

Papilledema is pathognomonic of raised intracranial pressure — ICP is directly transmitted via the CSF-filled subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerve. Early stage simulates the characteristic enlarged blind spot from peripapillary axonal swelling. Established stage adds peripheral constriction with arcuate fiber bundle compromise. Chronic stage simulates secondary optic atrophy with permanent field loss. Unlike other optic neuropathies, visual acuity is typically preserved until late-stage chronic papilledema — making it a dangerous condition where patients may have little subjective warning before permanent vision loss.

Swatches — Reference vs Papilledema Field Loss

Reference

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Papilledema Sim

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ΔE (CIE76)

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ΔE (CIEDE2000)

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Deep preview

Reference

Simulated

Chromaticity (CIE xy)

Achromatic axis (to D65)

D65 white point: 0.313, 0.329

Image simulation

Simulations operate in linear sRGB for perceptual correctness. ΔE2000 implemented locally. Peripheral constriction is modeled as a radial window mask (preserved central island + attenuated periphery), scaled by the Frisén grade mapped to the severity slider. Arcuate defect mode applies an additional superior and inferior arcuate shadow corresponding to RNFL bundle territories at risk from chronic disc oedema. Enlarged blind spot is approximated as a 15° temporal scotoma expansion. Chronic stage adds global mild contrast reduction to approximate secondary optic atrophy. Use the severity slider to blend from normal vision (0%) to severe chronic papilledema field loss (100%).

Multi-condition comparison

Condition A

Condition B

Steps

Compare normal, Condition A and Condition B across multiple severities. If an image is loaded it will be processed into the grid, otherwise color swatches are shown.

Advanced mode

Peripheral constriction radius (°)

Frisén grade

Field pattern

Clinical notes: Papilledema visual field loss follows a characteristic sequence mirroring the anatomical vulnerability of RNFL bundles. Inferior nasal RNFL fibres are most vulnerable (densest, longest route to disc), producing superior arcuate defects first, then inferior. The nasal step (asymmetry at the horizontal meridian) is an early sign. Enlargement of the blind spot — from oedematous displacement of peripapillary photoreceptors — is often the first measurable change before subjective symptoms appear. Chronic papilledema leads to secondary optic atrophy with loss of central vision.

Model assumptions & limits

Peripheral constriction is modeled as a circular radial mask. Real papilledema field loss follows complex arcuate patterns along RNFL bundles.
Enlarged blind spot is approximated as a single Gaussian scotoma at 15° temporal. Real peripapillary expansion is a circumferential ring around the disc location.
Chronic atrophic stage contrast reduction is a global approximation; real secondary atrophy produces focal field defects mapping to lost RNFL sectors.